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Do the Right ThingCognitive science’s search for a common morality
Rebecca Saxe
8 Consider the following dilemma: Mike is supposed to be the best man at a friend’s wedding in Maine this afternoon. He is carrying the wedding rings with him in New Hampshire, where he has been staying on business. One bus a day goes directly to the coast. Mike is on his way to the bus station with 15 minutes to spare when he realizes that his wallet has been stolen, and with it his bus tickets, his credit cards, and all his forms of ID.
At the bus station Mike tries to persuade the officials, and then a couple of fellow travelers, to lend him the money to buy a new ticket, but no one will do it. He’s a stranger, and it’s a significant sum. With five minutes to go before the bus’s departure, he is sitting on a bench trying desperately to think of a plan. Just then, a well-dressed man gets up for a walk, leaving his jacket, with a bus ticket to Maine in the pocket, lying unattended on the bench. In a flash, Mike realizes that the only way he will make it to the wedding on time is if he takes that ticket. The man is clearly well off and could easily buy himself another one.
Should Mike take the ticket?
My own judgment comes down narrowly, but firmly, against stealing the ticket. And in studies of moral reasoning, the majority of American adults and children answer as I do: Mike should not take the ticket, even if it means missing the wedding. But this proportion varies dramatically across cultures. In Mysore, a city in the south of India, 85 percent of adults and 98 percent of children say Mike should steal the ticket and go to the wedding. Americans, and I, justify our choice in terms of justice and fairness: it is not right for me to harm this stranger—even in a minor way. We could not live in a world in which everyone stole whatever he or she needed. The Indian subjects focus instead on the importance of personal relationships and contractual obligations, and on the relatively small harm that will be done to the stranger in contrast to the much broader harm that will be done to the wedding.
An elder in a Maisin village in Papua New Guinea sees the situation from a third perspective, focused on collective responsibility. He rejects the dilemma: “If nobody [in the community] helped him and so he [stole], I would say we had caused that problem.”
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*ArchDuke has entered the game*
ArchDuke: Hey guyz
German_Emp: sup
*SERBIA_ROLLZ has killed ArchDuke!*
ArchDuke: WTF YOU CAMPING HOMO
German_Emp: u r ghey Serbia
*SERBIA_ROLLZ has left the game*
ArchDuke: Thiz sux, Im leaving
*ArchDuke has left the game*
*Aus_HuNg has entered the game*
Aus_HuNg: hey serbia
serbian-guy: wut
Aus_HuNg: im putting an ultimatum on ur azz
serbian-guy: shyt
German_Emp: me 2
TsarNick: hey serbia i'll help u
serbian-guy: thx
German_Emp: STFU nick
German_Emp: im goin after u
*Franc3 has entered the game*